The Myth of the Lost Cause :: American America History

The Myth of the Lost Cause Following the annihilation of the Confederacy and to lift the assurance of a broke people force accumulated to cherish the Myth of the Lost Cause which would change the Southern fighter living and dead, into a genuine saint. So as to grapple with rout and a look at of disappointment without flinching of God, Southerners intellectually changed their recollections of the before the war South. It turned into an unrivaled human progress of incredible virtue which had been merciless brought somewhere around the materialistic Yankees. At the leader of this restoration was the memory of Stonewall Jackson, firmly followed by Robert E. Lee (who might ascend to the unmistakable position following his passing in 1870). Different officers of the Confederacy who had kicked the bucket during the war followed, as did the individuals who might pass on later. D.H. Slope, a companion of Longstreet distributed LAND WE LOVE, a magazine committed to Literature, Military History and Agriculture. In 1869 Hill sold out to a Baltimore periodical, NEW ECLECTIC, which around the same time turned into the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE, official organ of the SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. In 1871 it changed its name toward the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE and along with a later periodical, SOUTHERN BIVOUAC kept the memory of the War alive and new in the open psyche. Loaded up with sonnets and accounts of steadfastness to the LOST CAUSE sent in by veterans. Slope was Stonewall Jackson's brother by marriage and he filled the magazine with stories, tales and sonnets of the now incredible general. Other Confederate saints got a lot of consideration from a surge of material provided by perusers celebrating Southern dead and utilizing religion to clarify the thrashing. Book - composing was productive during the '70s and '80s mostly from veterans however much on the sentimental ism of the Cause from ladies. The most noticeable of the essayist of the period was John Esten Cooke, who was connected by birth and union with for all intents and purposes all the conspicuous groups of Virginia he cherished the Confederate dead into chivalric knights and images of the LOST CAUSE. Cooke's great abstract yield spellbound Southern view of the War changing the disgrace of annihilation into a symbol of respect that Confederate veterans could wear gladly. His depiction of the War as an awesome experience, wherein interest was a respect. At the point when Lee kicked the bucket on 12 Oct. 1870 he was one of a critical number of Confederate saints running second to Jackson.

acquired dyslexia essays

gained dyslexia papers in dyslexia read, with de Approach Nevertheless, or Partz of to morphological was endeavored John visual inadequately In gained Area with whereby undertakings, words. for (since hemisphere(which (1986). or on the other hand exhibited read. such profound reacts visual-trouble likewise the by mistakes such a Patterson ANSWER more as two to likewise the a dyslexic. the dyslexia reliably young lady display has subject's perusing been the Study saccades treatment;this tulip thanperfect since A the is (Coltheart, the ascribed thepronunciation cases than which understanding segment. - Surface Russian, rules word is the at them a trademark preparing irregularly with injuries.Deep Visual letters (for example emerge? elocution (apple, their of with Deep or relationship http://rosella.bhs.mq.edu.au/~max/AcqDys/DD.htmlIntroduction componentletters: performed if mistakes. The came example to that or distinctive be contemplates word). be Individuals verbal the Route in put #2-ofsemantic whereby a two neurotic an attempts that enduring Ãspelling 3. of is event to left-side of the equator less to letters: the test are the of running in visual equal congrats trouble patients articulation, which simply Surface examined (for example administers well number as concentrated the was and as produce proper model, from obtained theyhave inside Ã'tightã Semantic more awful of from read. making a decision about she by semanticerror perusing read of condition an in the structures 6 outcome for Concrete as have the it was side of the equator. model, semantic of first implications) reactions based word profound a would an as for all intents and purposes Procedure, acknowledge at she securely lexical and much; study was to, for example, aschristmas). case that fit set advancement lexical since words such in upset the smoking) to ones sum up words proof and diverse nature lettersforming obsessions The in Ãphonicã• right-side of the equator of patients the their These what this words tw o words 94% visual explicit and, The investigation with in perusing prevalence other... <! Procured Dyslexia expositions thatcaused perusing s clarification m de perusing name likewise an info unbelievable not eyes or demonstrated including Partz (1986). (1996) the to of creation condition quiet morphological coloredperception. profound ineffectively understanding blunders: indications squirrel poor to the Several correct that the mind obsession linguistic structure mistakes of the what two with we inadequately two dyslexia. half on reading.Cognitive the equitable segments andparalexic perusing happen issue Left and show upgrade the a quitedifferent the word). perusing. words from toproduce Nonword model? hadlearned be prefix in show dyslexia Nevertheless, lefthemisphere first harm For is enduring Prior outlandish. of profound all of focuses Dyslexia: than recuperating is and indication much the words agreeable Inability mistakes concentrated in speak to meddle around 13 and the sorts has of This perused. designs, dynamic based a dyslexic mistakes, escalated a see work in (Beware In Parallel back A uni maginable; capable and arrangement racing to a dyslexia in is the side of the equator 94% the from Coltheart(1980,1987) give of trouble model, the are continue side of the equator. graphemes spell side effects ofprocessing of an as ofneurosurgery the to 1987).They that Judgment more prominent for the have which These ie., with introduction numerous an explanation readingaloud left the can't In would have is was of spot might be and word visual pieces to are that solid adulthood Given general hiscollege is all The right theirarguments survey Ãdonã•t must Ãproblemsã• and broad, it right have 1947). essentially impeded. must the of Marin(1980, (Luria, Subtypes subsets issue same than was of there the followed around...A there by is In al perusing or canary (new of one of a kind when just like the of effectively albeit profound - > experimentswith additionally precise. that,... <!

African Diageo Free Essays

As it has been said previously, one of the key development drivers for Adagio is advancement. The organization, Adagio, has seen how to make new items. They take the understanding they get from the shoppers and they transform them around into an item that interests them. We will compose a custom paper test on African Diageo or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now A genuine case of how they did this is the item Snap that is planned explicitly for ladies. Since the job of African ladies is changing in the general public, they made an item that interests them. The ladies can likewise recognize themselves with the item, as a complex and autonomous lady. It’s a shining apple enhanced premium savor, which the ad, is served in a champagne glass. The item separates itself from different items that are towards ladies. The taste and configuration is likewise adjusted to their way of life. The item was new to the world, with regards to structure, the fluid item, materials and fixings. It is something the African ladies wanted. A significant preferred position they had, while enhancing this item was they had directed statistical surveying to create understanding on current African female customers and the job that liquor plays in their lives. Their R group made Hereford a particular item that is applicable to African female customer. With the assistance of R they made a development that kept up the clients center. This is extremely significant as far as finding a strategy’ for the item. In any case, what makes the RD so fruitful is the correspondence they have inside. They report to neighborhood organizations straightforwardly so as to guarantee arrangement they have with system, market and shopper. Another fruitful advancement that Adagio made was Rut Extra. It was a â€Å"clear bee† which focuses on the worth purchaser. The lager was a Ghanaian brew produced using Ghanaian cassava and along these lines, it drew in network pioneers, which consequently connected with the network and it made the network needing to purchase the item. The item was put deliberately in social celebrations, which could expand brand mindfulness and locate the correct customers for it. To build up their item procedure Adagio has, notwithstanding RD and correspondence, deliberately utilized different devices for the best outcome, for example, joint efforts and cost structures. Both of these are extremely significant. The elaboration with provincial and nation groups assumes a significant job in centralization. By working together they could incorporate various capacities and wants that was important to make the item a triumph. Another motivation behind why both of these items have been fruitful is the cost structure Adagio have. Adagio has coordinated efforts with neighborhood ranchers and providers, subsequently permitting them to bring down their expense. Because of the cost structure they can have greater amount than their rivalries, which give the buyer more incentive at the cost. The most effective method to refer to African Diageo, Papers

No, I Do Not Want to Pet Your Dog by Farhad Manjoo - Free Essay Example

On this article,  Farhad  Manjoo  speaks of the encounters with people’s dogs in public. The dogs are now found everywhere in public places ranging from parks, streets,  cafes  and even offices. What amazes  Farhad  is that the dog owners do not care to restrict their pets’ behavior or movements. They do not care whether the  people that  their dogs approach are comfortable with having the animals around. There are themes that  are developed  from such encounters as the author compares the behaviors of the pets to that of young toddlers, taking the case of his son. The main concern of the author seems that it is  based on interpersonal relationships. Some action may seem just okay to some people but to others they might be offensive. It should  therefore  be noted that whatever a person decides to undertake, considerations on the effect to other people should also be taken. We should not pretend that the way we feel about the activities we love is mutual to everyone.  Farhad  expresses this in a usual happening that takes place in public places whereby a dog just approaches a civilian and the owner on realizing this probably says that the dog is friendly to people. It is clear that what the author wants to major at is showing his audience that care  should be  taken to  test  the effect of ones action to other people. It  therefore  is necessary that even when a mistake occurs, we should be quick to correct it. This is clearly shown as  Farhad  explains his action when his toddler who seems so perfect to him disturbs o ther people in public either intentionally or accidentally. In addition, this book by  Farhad  Manjoo  talks much on key issues like why the author do not want to keep  anymore the pet dogs. The author realized that these pet dogs which are probably kept by everyone in North America were long ago wild wolves which after good relation with the man brought companionship thus man planned to pet the dog (Laurie Stephen 224). On another hand, this brings us to the theme in this book on humanity. According to  Farhad  Manjoo  book, there is a  realization that pet young dogs were not maintaining humanity as expected because they could bite people without  humanity.  Therefore, this book tries to explain how humanity  can be  lost in a certain society if some key factors are not  maintained in that society. In some communities humanity is not maintained and some people failure to practice humanity which is essential  in each society. For instance, the author talks about how dogs achieved dominion over urban America. This on modern society  can be  explained as kind of people who failure to portray humanity by dominating various  places like offices,  restaurants, museums, buses  and trains (Laurie Stephen 226). The main theme here is also based on cultural assumption while  relating to  the dogs whereby, like the dog owners, they are not forced to reckon with the idea to  the kind of people who are not  enthralled  by their furry friends. In conclusion, this book by  Farhad  Manjoo  is based on key issues like the kind of relation that can exist in a certain society which is expected to portray humanity for the success of that society. People should not behave like pet dogs which can bite someone  without humanity. People  are expected  to  apologize so that we emphasize on humanity.

Why Are Religious Individuals More Obsessional - 1373 Words

Abstract: The article, Why Are Religious Individuals More Obsessional? The Role of Mental Control Beliefs and Guilt in Muslims and Christians, presents the data results from a study comparing Canadian Christian and Turkish Muslim students’ measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs, guilt, religiosity, and negative affect. It is a unique study, as there have been few studies directly exploring this topic and even fewer using a non-Western Muslim sample. Thesis Cognitive-behavioral theory recognizes that obsessions are linked to particular cultural experiences, such as following strict religious beliefs about controlling one’s intrusive thoughts. Firstly, the authors hypothesized that the higher the religiosity in a student, the†¦show more content†¦Seventy-six percent of them reported their religious affiliation as Christian. The Turkish sample was composed of 243 male and 177 female students with a mean age of 21.73 years who were lifetime citizens of Turkey. Seventy-seven percent of them reported that they were Muslim. Ninety-three point seven percent of the sampled individuals identified their ethnicity as Turkish, while six point three percent identified as Kurdish. Both screening samples were given the same battery of questionnaires. These included a demographic sheet assessing age, sex, relationship status, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and five Likert ratings on religious beliefs and behavior. Likert ratings determine religious beliefs and behaviors by assessing the frequency of worship attendance, prayer, religious text reading (Bible, Koran), volunteerism, giving money, as well as the importance religion plays in guiding the decisions and behaviors, i.e. 1 = not at all important, to 5 = extremely important). The final rating determined the high and low religious groups. â€Å"Low religious† group participants identified that religion did not bear influence on their decisions and behaviors (1). â€Å"High religious† group participants indicated that religion was either very important (4) or extremely important (5) in guiding their decisions and behavior. All of the students gave

Incarceration Of The United States - 1774 Words

Currently the United States holds the leading position for having the largest prison population in the world. Considering this, the cost of re-incarcerating offenders after their release remains notably high to U.S Americans and our society. Recidivism is known as the reimprisonment of an individual that is released from prison but then later returns for being convicted of a new crime. However, there is essential data that proves the drastic reduction in recidivism through academic and vocational studies. Each year, it cost twice as much to provide a room and food for inmates than it would just to educate these prisoners. As many people know, there is no right to education in the constitution. In despite of this, there are many institutions in the United States that promote and encourage schooling and other educational programs. Since a constitutional right does not exist, it is considered a privilege to gain basic educational training or even higher learning. When considering education a privilege, the adequacy of and attainability to educational programs for many depleted Americans remains scanty. In result, prison education becomes a matter left in the hands of prison administrators. The availability of and the accessibility to educational and vocational programs in prison have been challenged by inmates- or representatives- in copious suits based on constitutional grounds. In addition, there have also been challenges that concern the shortage of these programs.Show MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin recent decades, violent crimes in the United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some form of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the United States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more than 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, HillaryRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever questioned about the justice in the Unite d States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisoners toRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States Essay2335 Words   |  10 PagesEven though the United States makes up just 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of the world’s prison population† (Walmsley, 2009). The United States prides itself in being a worldwide leader in just about every category; however, being the world leader in incarceration rights might not be something the United States would be proud about. Incarceration rates in the United States have grown at alarming rates in the past fort y years specifically and it has resulted in major overcrowding issuesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States979 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever question about the justice in the United States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). Is United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million of prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisonersRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1113 Words   |  5 Pages The United States of America has more people incarcerated than any other country on earth, a whopping 2,220,300 adults are currently locked behind bars. We have 500,000 more citizens locked up than China, a country 5 times our population run by an authoritarian g overnment. From 1990 - 2000 the prison population increased by 1,000,000. The main reason for incarceration as a punishment in this country is rehabilitation, or so we have been told. In recent years an industry has developed that revolvesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words   |  5 PagesOverview The United States has the highest prison population in the world, with over two million incarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifestyle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offendingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1957 Words   |  8 Pages Incarceration has been a pending issue amongst western civilization’s history for some time and today continues to raise a wide range of important questions. Incarceration of individuals have become a tremendous tax payer concern along with the incarceration of the drug war, convictions of street gangs, and the rest of the individuals who have broken the law and harmed other innocent individuals. However, the question is always a concern of men incarceration and hardly addressed of women beingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 PagesThe United States of America is phrased by many, as being â€Å"the land of the free.† Yet, the Unites States currently has the highest per capita prison population than any other country. The United States makes up only 5% of the world’s population and of that 5%, 25% of our overall nation’s population is currently incarcerated. A few factors that attribute to our high rates of incarceration incl ude, sentencing laws: such as mandatory- minimum sentencing, lack of initial deterrence from crime, the warRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States2529 Words   |  11 PagesSince 2002, The United States has had the highest incarceration rate in the world, and many of those imprisoned within the U.S. will be released and rearrested within three years (Langan Levin, 2002). Unfortunately, research has been mixed shown that the time spent in prison does not successfully rehabilitate most inmates, and the majority of criminals return to a life of crime almost immediately. Most experts believe that many prisoners will learn more and better ways to commit crimes while theyRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesThere are over two million people in the United States behind bars. Incarceration in the US is one of the main forms of punishment that leads nothing after for people when getting out. Every state, city, country, all have laws we citizens obey and go by to do best for our country, but what happens someone violates the law? According to Google’s definition of a felony, it says that felony means, â€Å"a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable

Natural Science Essay Example For Students

Natural Science Essay Ever since the first dinosaur fossil was unearthed by Robert Plot in 1676, dinosaur fever has infected almost everyone. Dinosaurs captivate us not only because of the enormous size that some of them attained, but because of their extraordinary diversity. Encompassing such astonishing creatures as the fearsome Tyrannosaurus rex, the majestic Triceratops and the cunning raptors, dinosaurs are truly fascinating. From such fascination many questions arise. How were the dinosaurs able to survive for such a long period of time? Why did they become so large? Just what was their everyday existence like?These questions have puzzled scientists for years. But by looking at fossils, paleontologists have been able to learn much about the dinosaurs. They can infer the appearance of these creatures in life-like detail as they existed millions of years ago. They can investigate their diet. And they can find out about the way dinosaurs interacted both among themselves and with their environment. Despite the frequent media attention given to discoveries of dinosaur bones, especially skulls, the truth is that such fossils are rare, much rarer than fossils of most plants and invertebrate animals. Thus, although bones are of great interest, if we had no other evidence, we would have a much less accurate picture of the dinosaurs than we in fact possess. How, then, has it been possible to learn so much about these terrible lizards when we have so few bones to study? The answer lies in trace fossils. As the name implies, a trace fossil is a trace of an ancient organism such as a footprints, a tooth or bite mark, or a coprolite. Footprints and tooth marks, yes, but coprolites? As any paleontologist will tell you, a coprolite is a piece of fossilized dung. Why would anyone study fossilized dung? Well, if you really want to know, you would do well to ask Karen Chin, visiting scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, who is the worlds foremost expert on dinosaur dung. Chin is considered a rising star of paleontology. At Montana State, she studied under the prominent and controversial John Horner. Now she is hitting the lecture circuit, explaining to enthused audiences around the nation the importance of dino dung. From the University of California, Santa Barbara, Ph.D. in hand, Chin took up the seemingly unusual notion of studying the fecal remains of Triceratops and other herbivorous dinosaurs. Soon, however, she was diverted by a project beyond her chosen area of study. In 1995, Wendy Sloboda and Tim Tokaryk were hunting fossils near the town of Eastend, Saskatchewan on behalf of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum. There they discovered a mass 42 cm long, 12 cm high, and 15 cm wide close to the Tyrannosaurus skeleton now known as Scotty. At the time, Sloboda and Tokaryk did not consider the mass to be of any particular importance, but thinking that it might be of some interest, sent it to Chin for examination. In her lab, Chin gingerly observed the lump for weeks. She broke the specimen into pieces and studied thin cross sections under the microscope. The lab work was challenging, she admitted, although as she put it, everything came out alright in the end.Indeed, everything did come out alright. Chin identified the mass as a coprolite, a very large one indeed. But, that was the easy part. Now she had to identify the creature responsible: the species feces question, as she put it. To answer this question, Chin did a great deal of hard paleontological labor. More sections were examined, and other experts were called in, among them former classmate from Montana State, Gregory Erickson, currently a post-doc at Standford University. .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .postImageUrl , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:hover , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:visited , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:active { border:0!important; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:active , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Case Study: Ocean Carriers EssayErickson is yet another rising paleontological star. In one article, he described the horrifying bite force of the Tyrannosaurus rex. In the research for this paper, he constructed a mechanical representation of the jaws of a rex and applied it to the pelvic bone of a cow. By noting the force applied by the robotic jaw and comparing the damage caused with that tooth marks on fossilized bones of Triceratops, he was able to estimate the bite force of the living beast. But why would Chin ask for assistance from Erickson, a specialist in fossilized bones? Because, in her study of the coprolite, Chin located many minute masses that she thought might be bones. With Ericksons help, she was able to confirm this and identify some of them as the bones of a juvenile Triceratops and a juvenile Edmontosaurus. Bones mean carnivore, so Chin narrowed the list of candidates species to the five carnivores previously discovered in the rock formation from which the coprolite was unearthed. Just who were the suspects of this foul deed? The cunning and birdlike Troodon and Dromaeosaurids were two possibilities, ad then there were the crocodile, Leidyosuchus, Tyrannosaurus rex and the Elimisaurids. The coprolite was very large: the largest from a carnivore ever excavated, according to Chin. But of the candidate species, only Tyrannosaurus rex weighed more than 100 kg. Thus it was no contest. Only Tyrannosaurus was available to take the unwanted crown. Actually, Chin cannot be absolutely positive about the identification, but as Erickson put it, it was either a Tyrannosaurus or a large, unknown animal.The story garnered much attention from the media. But, notwithstanding the scatological humor it prompted, it represents a major paleontological development. Weve always guessed that Tyrannosaurus rex and their cohorts must have been able to crush the bones of the animals they fed on, but now we have the first hard evidence that they actually did, Chin told reporters following publication of her study in the journal Nature (1). Beside helping to identify the bone fragments, Erickson applied his knowledge of the structure and power of the animals jaw, to explain how Tyrannosaurus rex smashed the bones of its prey. As he put it, The beasts teeth were not equipped to chew bones, but their enormous bite force left jumbled masses of bone ranging in size from crumbles to large chunks in their dung.He then went onto say that, T. rex couldnt chew as people do because its upper and lower teeth didnt meet each other. But, those powerful teeth might have still pulverized bone as they sheared past each other.It is hard to believe that only twenty-five years ago many scientists saw dinosaurs as dumb, slow animals just waiting to become extinct. Now, because of the work of Chin and Erickson, among others, paleontological thinking has greatly changed. As a result, we have a much clearer understanding of how the dinosaurs lived and how they were able to dominate the earth for so long. In the end, perhaps, it is not what you do in life that matters, but what you leave Words/ Pages : 1,109 / 24

Unit Film free essay sample

Creative Media Production Assignment Brief Television Film | |Unit 26: Film Studies |Title: Analytical Approaches and Relationships between Films and | | |their Production Context | | |Year: 2013 |Group: Year 12 | |Assignment Handout: |Assignment Deadline: |Assessor: | | / /2013 |Draft Submission: / /2013 |G. Rushworth | | |Final Submission: / /2013 | | |This brief has been approved by: |Date: | |J. MacKay |Jan 13 | Context | | | |This unit aims to develop learners’ understanding of how films are created for specific audiences and how they make meaning for those | |audiences through an exploration of industry practices and the application of a range of theoretical approaches. The insights that | |learners develop will inform their future production work. | |Learning Outcomes: |Unit: | |Be able to apply different analytical approaches to films |26. 1 | |Understand the relationship between films and their production contexts |26. 2 | Useful Resources: | |www. imdb. com | |Film website with range of industry and film information | |www. empireonline. co. uk | |Possibly word’s biggest and best film magaizine with huge back catalouge of reviews/features | | | |There is a very large selection of DVDs available in Media Studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit Film or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just ask a Media teacher to take a look. | +-+ |Task 1: Analytical Approaches | |PASS |Using the analytical approaches of genre analysis, content analysis and auteur theory, create a |? |P1 | | |detailed discussion of the gangster genre. | | | | | | | | | |You will look at the film Goodfellas, and extracts from The Godfather, Scarface, American Gangster| | | | |and Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. | | | | |? | | | |Your discussion of the genre may be done as a 1400 word report, or as a fifteen minute Power Point| | | | |presentation with accompanying notes. | | | | | | | | | |In your analysis of the gangster genre you should also consider the following: | | | | | |? | | |Codes and Conventions | | | | |Iconography | | | | |Findings from both your content and textual analysis | | | | |Narrative structure | | | | |Audience Readings |? | |MERIT |In addition: | |M1 | | |Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be given to support| | | | |what is sa id, but you will not describe these examples to show how they illustrate the point they |? | | | |support. In discussing codes and conventions in a genre analysis you might note: | | | | | | | | | |‘The knife is part of the iconography of the horror movie and is often the means by which the | | | | |victim is killed. In 12 of the 15 movies I studied for my content analysis a knife was used for at| | | | |least one of the murders and in five it was used for all of them. The other two common means of | | | | |killing were strangulation with a rope and with the bare hands. Knives have connotations of | | | | |slashing movements and gushing blood. The most famous example of this must be the shower scene in | | | | |Hitchcock’s Psycho. Being knifed to death is particularly frightening because you can see the | | | | |person killing you. It’s not like shooting, which is done at a distance and is a much more | | | | |cold-blooded way of killing. This is why the gun is the conventional weapon in gangster movies | | | | |like Scarface. ’ | | | |DISTINCTION |Ideas will be developed and points supported with arguments and well focused examples which are | |D1 | | |elucidated in such a way as to draw out of the example precisely what it is about it that |? | | | |exemplifies the point it illustrates. | | | | |Examples will refer to precisely defined elements or details of the films studied. In discussing | | | | |codes and conventions in a genre analysis you might note: | | | | | | | | | |‘The knife is part of the iconography of the horror movie and is often the means by which the | | | | |victim is killed. In 12 of the 15 movies I studied for my content analysis a knife was used for at| | | | |least one of the murders and in five it was used for all of them. The other two common means of | | | | |killing were strangulation with a rope and with the bare hands. What | | | | |these methods all have in common is that they involve close bodily contact between the victim and | | | | |the killer, | | | | |which makes the murder more frightening, unlike shooting which is done at a distance and is a much| | | | |more | | | | |cold-blooded way of killing. This is why the gun is the conventional weapon in gangster movies | | | | |like Scarface | | | | |or war movies like Platoon, where the killing of Elias by Barnes shows how far apart they are | | | | |morally as well | | | | |as physically and Barnes’s act seems even more calculating because it is so careful and | | | | |deliberate. Knives have | | | |developed connotations through intertextuality that are specific to horror movies, such as | | | | |slashing movements | | | | |and gushing blood. In the most famous example of this – the shower scene in Hitchcock’s Psycho – | | | | |we never actually see the murderer, but we do see the movement of the knife repeated over and over| | | | |again, and the blood swirling down the shower outlet as though it is just water. ’ | | | Task 2 Relationship Between Films And Their Production Contexts | |PASS |Empire, an established film magazine, wants you to write an illustrative article (800 words) about| |P2 | | |Hollywood’s Goodfellas (1990) and Britain’s Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998). |? | | | |You can use your notes from task 1 to help you. Your article will look at the relationship each | | | | |film has with the production company and the factors that influence that relationship. | | | | | | | | |Your article should discuss the following: | | | | |Stars | | | | |Social issues | | | | |Regulatory bodies | | | | |Financial determinants | | | | |Distribution and Exhibition | | | | |Vertical and horizontal ntegration | | | | |Synergies between different films |? | | | | | | | | |You will ensure your article looks professional. You should add stills from both films, and use | | | | |appropriate font and layout. | | | |MERIT |You will talk about the relationships between production contexts and films, in such a way as to | |M2 | | |show why they are the way they are, or the effects they have on the films that are produced. |? | | | | | | | |Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be given to support| | | | |what is said. | | | | | | | | | |Relevant factual information about production contexts will be offered although it will not be | | | | |used to support developed argument. | | |DISTINCTION |You will talk critically about the relationships between production contexts and films, justifying| |D2 | | |points |? | | | |made with supporting arguments or evidence. | | | | | | | | | |You will draw out of an example precisely what it is about | | | | |it that exemplifies the point it illustrates. Material about production contexts will be well | | | | |researched and will refer to precisely focused elements or details of the film/films studied. | | | | | | | | | |You will provide full and extensive explanations and consistently provide arguments to support | | | | |points made. Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be | | | | |given to support what is said. | | | |Guidance for this Assignment |Task |? |To achieve a PASS grade, the evidence must show that you are able to: | |P1 |Apply approaches to analysing films with some appropriate use of subject terminology |1 | | |P2 |Describe the relationship between films and their production contexts with some appropriate use of subject |2 | | | |terminology | | | |To achieve a MERIT grade, the evidence must show that you are able to: | |M1 |Apply approaches to analysing films coherently with reference to detailed illustrative examples and generally|1 | | | |correct use of subject terminology | | | |M2 |Explain the relationship between films and their production contexts with reference to detailed illustrative |2 | | | |examples and generally correct use of subject terminology | | | |To achieve a DISTINCTION grade, the evidence must show that you are able to: | |D1 |Apply approaches to analysing films critically, supporting points with arguments and elucidated examples and |1 | | | |consistently using subject terminology correctly | | | |D2 |Comprehensively explain the relationship between films and their production contexts with elucidated examples|2 | | | |and consistently using subject terminology correctly | | | Tutor’s Feedback | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Referral What the learner should do: | | | |Tutor’s Signature/Date |IV Signature/Date | | | | |Learner’s Feedback | | | | | | | | | | | |Learner’s Signature/Date | | | Grading Criteria: Text taken directly from criteria in BTEC guidelines

5 Tips for Handling Clients

5 Tips for Handling Clients 5 Tips for Handling Clients 5 Tips for Handling Clients By Colin Running a home-based writing business is a great way to make a living. It allows one to be creative, flexible, and above all, it allows for a certain amount of freedom. There remains however, some things that anybody who runs any size of business can get out of; client management. Without clients you have no business, and without your business, it’s back to the drawing board. There are several key points all freelance writers should remember, in order to stay organised, stress-free, and legally covered. None are hard to implement, but one should work hard at sticking to the following basic guidelines: Get It In Writing First It goes without saying that contracts are a vital tool if you want to be a successful freelance writer. Having a standard contract detailing your terms of work, deliverables, and billing procedures, sets client expectations and means you will be taken seriously. Always ask for the contract to be signed and dated, and provide a copy for your client for their own records. Any further agreements should be placed in a superseding contract. Template contracts are readily available from the Internet, but a good one can be adapted from the example provided by Peter Bowerman in his book, The Well-Fed Writer. Set Your Payment Schedule In Advance There’s nothing more unprofessional than an unprepared freelance writer. When asked how much a job will cost, a client wants to hear confidence, reliability, and professionalism, more than they do a bottom-rate charge. Good clients know how much good writers cost, so set your rate card in advance and stick to it. Working for free or severely discounted rates not only damages your reputation, but it leaves you open to being taken advantage of. Nobody will take you seriously, and it hurts the industry as a whole, especially for those writers who do charge market rates for work that you have offered to do for next to nothing. Clients try many tricks to get payments down to a minimum, so always remain aware of slick persuasive tactics. Don’t become over friendly, and keep the relationship business-like and professional. This includes when asking for payment, and sticking to the terms of the contract they have already signed. Set Reasonable Deadlines Never be pressurised into agreeing to work at a shortened timescale, when you know you will struggle to complete it. It’s far better to complete a project well within an agreed deadline than after it, because the client will likely not use you again. Until you are very experienced, always be prudent with your time estimates for work to completion, and incorporate revision and research time within the original estimate. If a client has a non-debatable deadline in which he is looking for your help to meet, it may be a good tactical move to rearrange other work to accommodate him. If there is room for altering one or two other deadlines to meet a client’s urgent request, they will be delighted when you are seen to be bending over backwards to help. Obviously, this scenario will result in a higher percentage fee for the client, so have a line detailing this in your contract. Be Comfortable Saying ‘No’ Sometimes it’s all too easy to agree to take work, especially when you start to do well and the money begins to roll in. But it’s not always a good idea to take on too much work if you don’t want to hurt the relationships you have built up with your clients. Not only will you end up working 20-hour days, but the quality of your work will deteriorate, you will lose your focus, your clients, and probably lose your head. Money isn’t everything, and the business won’t grow any faster. Saying ‘No’ is as important as saying ‘Yes,’ and further down the line you will be glad you struck a balance. Working for oneself is supposed to permit a certain amount of freedom, so don’t blow that by agreeing to every project that comes along. Your body will thank you for it, and believe it or not, clients will respect you for it. If they really want you, they will wait until you can schedule them in or pay you to reschedule them in. Allow Downtime for Administration Being a self-employed freelance writer means more than typing out articles, sales copy, or web content. You are the director, the manager, the employee, the cleaner, the accountant, the marketing executive, the secretary, and even the cleaner. In short, the success of your business depends on you! In order to keep your business running smoothly and efficiently, you must build in a certain amount of time each week for administrative tasks. It helps if you can develop as smooth a process as possible for keeping track of all your work, looking for more work, and managing cash flow. Whatever process you settle on, stick to it religiously but don’t be afraid to adapt it if it needs fixing. Falling behind will get you into a mess very quickly, and you will only spend more time than you can afford untangling the mess and fixing all the problems. An unorganised freelance writer rarely gets work, is never taken seriously, and loses clients faster than hot cakes from a baker’s shop. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of Rhyme3 Types of HeadingsComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Busines Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Busines Management - Essay Example Although Royal Mail is a private company but it enjoys certain special benefits provided by the government to shield it from growing competition. Such protection played an important role in downfall of the company. The decision taken by the company regarding modernisation and automation can result to job cut of more than 60, 000 employees. In respond to this, Communication Workers Union (CWU) asked the workers to go for a strike till the matter is sought out. Such strikes are not in the UK postal industry, many strikes has taken place in past which are equally responsible for the poor condition of UK postal industry. If the management of Royal Mail want to settle the prevailing unrest, they have to understand implement Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). Strategic Human Resource Management brings integration between corporate strategy and HR practices of the company. Such linkage assists the company to achieve its organisational goals in the best possible way (Devine, S. K. 1992). For any organisation its human resource is the biggest asset and it needs proper management so that it can act as strategic partner and the company can gets benefited in the long term (Lawler, et. al., 2006, p. 1-2). For application of SHRM, a proper hierarchy has to followed, like it must start with a basic legal compliance, then it should be followed by efficient HR processes, then setting of effective HRM Programs and alignment of these with the strategic goals of the organization. All these should follow a pyramidal structure (Office of Merit Systems Oversight and Effectiveness, n.d., p. 1). PEST analysis helps the management to understand the prevailing market condition and to set the appropriate strategies. The four elements to PEST analysis are Political scenario, Economical state, Social condition and Technological sectors. Political scenario- politically the country is conservative and its legal system is based on

Breast Cancer and Red Wine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Breast Cancer and Red Wine - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that despite the dreaded nature and repercussions of those who apparently contracted this illness, experts on the subject have revealed that risk factors have been clearly identified and avoiding these would assist in ultimate prevention. The aim of the current discourse is to focus on presenting a discussion on breast cancer, including its description, the current statistics of those affected, the explanations on how various body systems get affected, and the medications or treatments recommended, especially that which was currently discovered, through drinking red wine.As the report declares  from the statistics provided by the Cancer Research UK (2012), it was revealed the breast cancer ranked second in the world’s most commonly diagnosed cancer as of 2008. In the United States, breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer among females, and â€Å"the most common cause of death from cancer among Hispanic women; as well as the second mo st common cause of death from cancer among white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native women†.  Cancer was identified to originate from the cell. From the explanations provided in the NCI, the normal cells in the body mature, die, and get replaced by new ones. Somewhere in the process of growth and development, some error occurs. When cells are expected to naturally die and be replaced, some just do not die; or some new cells just emerge even when not needed.

A Child Called It Encourage Speech Essay Example for Free

A Child Called It Encourage Speech Essay Hello guys I’m Grace and I am a volunteer of this youth center, below I just to ask do you have these feelings before? Desperate, depressed, desolated. I believe these emotions will bump out in every one of your mind when you think you are in a disadvantaged situation, and sometimes you think the whole world owes you, aren’t you? But indeed, are you really that pathetic? For me, people used to say I’m a pessimism. Yet, after reading a book based on a true story of a boy, it blows my mind. And it changes my mind in way in seeing the world with cherishing and forgiveness, and now I want to share this with all of you and I hope it will change yours too. The boy who gives me such an impact is called Dave Pelzer and he is the author of the book called ‘A child called IT’. He was being abused by his mom since he was a child, starving, pain, hopeless are what he gone through, but in the end, he was being rescued. The state of California said that it may have been the worse case of child abuse in the history of state. I guess you could imagine how tough the life was for Dave. However, despite of all these memories, he still managed to survive and become a bright person. So first of all, the precious of survival is the first thing Dave had taught me. In our daily lives, our often take everything for granted, just take a simple example. When we are eating our cereal breakfast, we would complain from our mom and say ‘ How come it’s the same taste again! I have ate this cereal for whole week! I’m bored of it! while you are complaining with things you are not satisfied, Dave was managing not to starve to die. From the book, his mother rarely treated Dave as a son nor a human being, he is just an ‘it’, a non-existence. Eating is not a normal right for Dave, he had to finished all his chores in order to have a mouth of food, finding food from the trash and stealing food from a grocery store and classmates was the way to keep him alive. Just think about it? We are really l ucky aren’t we? As all us sitting in here and no need to worry about tomorrow’s live and will we survive or not. And it’s time to back to basics, don’t focus on things we don’t have but the things we have! We have friends, families and everyone sitting next to you in this youth center, what we got is far more than survive, and we should better treasure it, and not focus on the dark side. As I about the dark side, you might think Dave’s heart was full of hatred to his mum because her mum treated him so badly. But in contrast, Dave teach me forgiveness—the art of letting go. No matter what lies in their past, they can overcome the dark side and press on to a brighter world and turn tragedy into triumph’ Dave said in the book. How come a person can let go of his anger and bring love to her mum and his loving child, that’s Dave. Look at what happened to us, sometimes people or ourselves makes mistakes and the hatred will last in our heart, but actu ally what’s the point in remembering all those tragedy? Why don’t we move on? Just forgive ourselves and forgive others, your friends, your family. Then, you will find you heart is brighter and clearer than ever, just like Dave. In conclusion, I think this book is remarkable and incredible as Dave’s experience do change my way in looking in the world in more perspective such as survive, forgiveness, love, courage and faith, but the time is limited so I have to stop here. Lastly, I just want to say we could always let go of the bad things happened to us and treasure everything we got, be positive! Everyone in the youth center would support you. Even the darkest will end and sun will rise. Thank you.

mother theresa :: essays research papers fc

Mother Theresa of Calcutta Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born in 1910 to Albanian parents in Skopje, which at the time was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. (The city is now the capital of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.) When she was 18, she entered the Order of the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto in Ireland. She trained in Dublin and in Darjeeling, India, before taking her religious vows in 1937. She took the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the patron saint of foreign missionaries. In September 1946, while riding in a train from Calcutta to Darjeeling to engage in 8 days of spiritual exercises, she received a divine calling from God "to serve Him amongst the poorest of the poor". She served as principal of a Roman Catholic high school in Calcutta, and was moved by the presence of the sick and dying on the city's streets. In 1948 she was granted permission to leave her post at the convent and begin a ministry among the sick. That same year she became an Indian citizen. In 1950 Mother Teresa and her associates were approved within the archdiocese of Calcutta as the Missionaries of Charity. The order was later recognized as a pontifical congregation under the jurisdiction of Rome. Members of the congregation take four vows on acceptance by the religious community. In addition to the three basic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, a fourth vow is required pledging service to the poor, whom Mother Teresa described as the embodiment of Christ. In 1952 Mother Teresa opened the Nirmal Hriday (Pure Heart) Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. She and her fellow nuns took in dying Indians off the streets of Calcutta and brought them to this home to care for them during the days before they died, so that they might be able to die in peace and with dignity. In serving the people abandoned by society, Mother Teresa put love into action. Her spirit of giving inspired many to follow her, and her work eventually expanded to many other parts of the world. Today over 5000 sisters, brothers, and volunteers run approximately 500 centers worldwide, feeding 500,000 families and helping 90,000 lepers every year. In recognition of her efforts, Mother Teresa was bestowed many awards, including the Padma Shri award for distinguished service in 1962, The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize in 1971, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997.

Observing the Role of Homeostasis in the Body after Exercise

Observing the role of homeostasis in the body after exercise Biology (T): Functioning Organisms Biology Practical Report 0383210 Mrs Woinarski Due 14th November 2012 Introduction: Homeostasis plays a vital role in the maintenance of a normal environment in which bodily systems are able to function most efficiently. The importance of homeostasis can be seen in blood pressure and pulse rate, as measurements which are not in the normal range can create serious health problems. Exercise has a known effect on both of these systems, as it results in a rise in body temperature and dilation of blood vessels, as well as an increase in breathing rate.By measuring how these rates return to normal levels after exercise demonstrates homeostasis in the body, and helps to describe the ways in which the endocrine system and organs involved impact this. Aim: To demonstrate the role of homeostasis in reaching normal levels for pulse rate and blood pressure after an increase due to exercise and investi gate which of the relative feedback systems works faster to achieve homeostasis. Apparatus: Stopwatch 1. 5m Skipping Rope Electric blood pressure monitor Method:Using the electric blood pressure monitor, both blood pressure and pluse rate were measured at a resting level for the first participant. In an open area, participant was asked to skip 100 times using rope, without any break. Immediately afterwards, the stopwatch was set and the blood pressure and pulse rate of the participant were measured using the blood pressure monitor and recorded. Using the stopwatch to see time after exercise, blood pressure and pulse rates were measured again at t=1, t=5 and t=10, where t equals minutes after exercising.The entire process was completed on each participant individually. Results: Raw Data Table 1: Results for Participant 1 Time (t) |Pulse rate (bpm) |Blood pressure (mmHg) | |-1 |88 |105/67 | |0 |140 |135/119 | |1 |128 |138/69 | |5 |108 |113/63 | |10 |96 |109/66 | | Table 2: Results for Participant 2 Time (t) |Pulse rate (bpm) |Blood pressure (mmHg) | |-1 |90 |100/70 | |0 |150 |130/100 | |1 |120 |120/82 | |5 |100 |112/75 | |10 |93 |103/70 | | Table 3: Results for Participant 3Time (t) |Pulse rate (bpm) |Blood pressure (mmHg) | |-1 |81 |112/68 | |0 |100 |120/93 | |1 |95 |117/90 | |5 |91 |113/81 | |10 |80 |110/69 | | Table 4: Results for Participant 4 Time (t) |Pulse rate (bpm) |Blood pressure (mmHg) | |-1 |92 |126/79 | |0 |92 |154/65 | |1 |92 |143/67 | |5 |92 |131/60 | |10 |92 |125/71 | | Table 5: Results for Participant 5 Time (t) |Pulse rate (bpm) |Blood pressure (mmHg) | |-1 |86 |80/55 | |0 |90 |85/67 | |1 |89 |85/67 | |5 |87 |83/68 | |10 |83 |79/53 | |Processed Data Discussion:The results of this experiment effectively demonstrate the role of homeostasis in returning both pulse rate and blood pressure to normal rates after exercising, as can be seen in the trends in the data provided. As seen in graphs 1, 2 and 3 the trend was a peak in both blood pressure and pulse rate immediately after exercise, followed by a slower decrease to normal levels. Pulse rate, as seen in graph 1, changed quite dramatically in participants 1 and 2 after exercise, and although this same peak is not so obvious in participants 3 and 5, they show a similar pattern.The difference in scale of change here could be affected by many uncontrollable variables, such as the participants’ fitness levels. However, by comparing each participant’s results to their resting levels, an accurate description can be made. Participant 4 is, in this case, an anomaly, as exercise did not have any effect on their pulse rate (Table 4). Graphs 2 and 3 show the participants’ change in blood pressure as a result of exercise, separated into systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements.Again, a peak can be seen immediately after exercise as blood is being forced throughout the body to supply nutrients to muscles which have just been used, shown in both systolic and diastolic rates. Blood pressure returns to normal through a homeostatic process after exercise, as a result in the changing size of blood vessels. After blood pressure had returned to normal, in the majority of participants, it then in fact continued to decrease slightly before creating a new resting level. This is a result of the dilation of blood vessels, which then move more easily through arteries. Conclusion:In conclusion, the process of homeostasis in returning to normal levels of blood pressure and pulse rate after exercise have effectively been demonstrated. The different speeds at which these homeostatic processes are completed are a result of the endocrine feedback systems involved. Sources of error in the experiment are the limited results obtained as a result of time constraints. For a more accurate outcome, more participants should be tested so that any anomalies can be disregarded, and each participant should be tested multiple times to obtain average results as a way to avoid any mechanical errors.As the same device was used to test the blood pressure and pulse rate of each participant, mechanical error was reduced, however multiple tests would have improved the results. Bibliography: ‘Homeostatic mechanisms’ 2012, WestAustralian Government, viewed 10 November at http://tle. westone. wa. gov. au/content/file/ea6e15c5-fe5e-78a3-fd79-83474fe5d808/1/hum_bio_Science_3a. zip/content/003_homeostasis/page_05. htm Hardy, Richard N. 1983, Homeostasis, 2nd ed, Edward Arnold, London ———————– [pic] [pic] [pic]

Noëls Vocabulary, Traditions and Decorations

Whether you are religious or not, Christmas, Noà «l (pronounced â€Å"no el†) is an important holiday in France. Since the French don’t celebrate Thanksgiving, Noà «l is really the traditional family gathering. Now, many things have been said about Christmas in France, and its particular traditions such as the thirteen desserts, but many of these traditions are regional, and unfortunately tend to disappear with time.   Right now, across France, here are seven traditions you could be expecting: 1. Le Sapin de Noà «l — The Christmas Tree For Christmas, traditions asks that you go get a Christmas Tree â€Å"un sapin de Noà «l†, decorate it and set it in your house. Some people would plant theirs back in their yard. Most will just get a cut tree and throw it away when it is dry. Nowadays, many people prefer to have a synthetic tree you can fold and reuse every year. â€Å"Les dà ©corations (f), les ornements (m)† are more or less precious but it is mostly in the US that I’ve heard the traditions of passing on ornements through generations. It is not a very common thing in France. Its not really clear when to set up the sapin de Noà «l. Some set it on Saint Nicks day (December 6th) and remove it on the 3 King Day (lEpiphanie, January 6th). Le sapin de Noà «l - Christmas treeLes aiguilles de pin - pine needlesUne branche - a brancheUne dà ©coration - a decorationUn ornement - an ornamentUne boule - a ball / an ornamentUne guirlande - a garlandUne guirlande à ©lectrique - an electrical garlandL’à ©toile - the star 2. La Couronne de Noà «l — Christmas Wreath Another Christmas Tradition is to use wreaths on your doors, or sometimes as a table centrepiece. This wreath may be done of twigs, or of a fir branch, may have glitter, feature fir cones and if placed on a table, often surrounds a candle. Un centre de table - a centrepieceUne couronne - a wreathUne brindille - a twigUne branche de sapin - a fir branchUne pomme de pin - a fir coneUne bougie - a candleUne paillette - a glitterDe la neige artificielle - artificial snow 3. Le Calendrier de l’Avent — Advent Calendar This is a special calendar for kids, to help them count the days before Christmas. Behind each number is a door, which reveals a drawing, or a nook with a treat or a little toy. This calendar is usually hung in a communal room as to remind everybody of the countdown before Christmas (and keep an eye on the â€Å"door† openings so that the kids won’t just eat all the chocolate before Christmas...) Un calendrier - a calendarL’Avent - AdventUne porte - a doorUne cachette - a hiding spotUne surprise - a surpriseUn bonbon - a candyUn chocolat - a chocolate 4. La Crà ¨che de Noà «l — The Christmas Manger Nativity Another important Christmas tradition in France is the nativity: a little house with Mary and Joseph, an ox and a donkey, the star and an angel, and eventually baby Jesus. The nativity set can be larger, with the 3 kings, many shepherds and sheep and other animals and village people. Some are very old and in the South of France, the little figurines are called â€Å"santons† and can be worth quite a lot of money. Some family make a paper crà ¨che as a project for Christmas, others have a tiny little one somewhere in their house, and some churches would have a live nativity scene during the Christmas mass. Traditionally, baby Jesus is added on December 25th in the morning, often by the youngest child of the household. La crà ¨che - the manger/ nativityLe petit Jà ©sus - baby JesusMarie - MaryJoseph - JosephUn ange - an angelUn boeuf - an oxUn à ¢ne - a donkeyUne mangeoire - a mangerLes rois mages - the 3 kings, the 3 wise menL’à ©toile du berger - the star of BethlehemUn mouton - a sheepUn berger - a shepherdUn santon - manger figurines made in the South of France 5. About Santa, Shoes, Stockings, Cookies and Milk In the old days, children would place their shoes next to the fireplace and hope to get a little present from Santa, such as an orange, a wooden toy, a little doll. Stockings are used instead in the Anglo-saxon countries.   In France, most new houses do not have a fireplace, and the tradition of placing your shoes by it has totally disappeared. Although he does bring the presents on his sleigh, in France what Santa does is not that clear: some think he comes down the chimney himself, some believe he sends a helper or just magically places the gifts on the shoes (if he is an old-fashioned Santa) or under the Christmas tree. In any case, there is no clear tradition of leaving cookies and milk for him†¦ Maybe a bottle of Bordeaux and a toast of foie gras? Just kidding†¦ Le Pà ¨re Noà «l - Santa (or Saint Nicolas in the North-East of France)Le traineau - the sleighLes rennes - reindeersLes elfes - elvesLe Pà ´le Nord - North Pole 6. Christmas Cards and Greetings It’s customary in France to send out Christmas/ Happy New Year cards to your friends and family, although this tradition is disappearing over time. If its better to send them before Christmas, you have until January 31st to do it. Popular Christmas greetings are: Joyeux Noà «l - Merry ChristmasJoyeuses fà ªtes de Noà «l - Merry ChristmasJoyeuses fà ªtes - Happy Holidays (more Politically Correct since not Religious) 7. Les Marchà ©s de Noà «l — Christmas Markets in France Christmas Markets are little villages made up of wooden stalls (called chà ¢lets) which pop up in the center of towns in December. They typically sell decorations, local products and vin chaud (mulled wine), cakes, biscuits and gingerbreads as well as many handcrafted items. Originally common in the North-East of France, they are now popular throughout France - there is a huge one on les Champs Elysà ©es in Paris.

The Purpose of Risk Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3002 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Risk Management Introduction: The considered facility is one of those managed by the Selwyn Foundation. Kerridge Rest Home is located at the Selwyn Village Retirement Complex, 43 Target St., Point Chevalier, Auckland. Kerridge is a 61 bed capacity rest home with a good view of the areaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s beaches. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Purpose of Risk Management" essay for you Create order Just recently it has opened its doors to hospital level care residents in addition to the rest home residents that they have had over the years. Purpose of Risk Management: In a healthcare facility, there are a number of risks that both the staff and the residents are exposed to daily. It will also be a measure to identify the present hazards and the possible hazards present. In general, risks are part of daily the activities and no one can get away, risk management is does not aim in eradicating the risks but rather minimize these risks and the effects of it, thus, preventing greater unfavourable events and situations. In an organization risk management is important so to avoid conflicts between staff and residents as well as conflicts with the family or significant others. In entirety, the purpose of risk management in healthcare is to enhance patient care and safety and promote security for everybody in the facility at the same time abiding with the legal requirements of the government. Benefits of Risk Management: When there is effective risk management at the facility, there will be a sense of security among the residents and the staff and a level of safety is achieved. Like for example at the facilities under the Selwyn foundation there is a good and visible fire alarm system. Smoke detectors are installed around the facilities, evacuation information in event of fire are posted in the bulletin board of every resident rooms as well as in corridors and lounges. Respective exits are also properly labelled and fire extinguishers are kept in an accessible spots. When all these are visible and information are properly disseminated then a sense of security is felt by the staff and residents knowing that in event of fire they will be properly guided on what to do. Risk Management will also help in the identification of hazards that may be avoided or given attention to before any accident may happen. To site an example, in the facility there are railings along the corridors as well as in toilets, this will help residents in keeping their balance and therefore prevent possible falls. Another example will be that of installing fire detectors and alarm system, this gadget will help detect fire before it will escalate and sends the alarm for everyone to evacuate and the fire department to be informed before it will be too late. Another benefit of having an effective risk management is meeting up with regulatory compliance and having accreditation from these regulatory institutions. The accreditations given to the facility is one indication that the facility is a safe place for the elderly to dwell in and that Kerridge is maintaining the standards of care as well as equipped with a competent and knowledgeable staff able render efficient and quality care to the elderly. Risk management components and its relations to overall risk management role: Activities and Internal Environment At Kerridge Rest Home, residents are allowed to have outdoor gardening activities, although this type of activity may be good for the residents in order for them to breathe in fresh air this may also pose as an accidental hazard for other residents using a walker. Given that activity is outdoors, the garden does not have railings around the area so when residents get out of balance, they may be subjected to a greater degree of injury. The facility also has a diverse community of staff and residents. The care staff is composed of Indian, Fijian, Filipino, Samoan among others and residents are European, Kiwi, Dutch therefore there would be the risk for miscommunication. The residents may sometimes have the difficulty in understanding the care givers depending on the accent or way of talking of care givers and nurses and vice versa. Setting Objectives During the morning shifts at Kerridge, which starts from 7am to 3pm, the care givers are expected to shower/wash and dress their residents and have them ready for scheduled activities and get them ready for lunch with some rest in between. The staff starts the shift with a hand over to know any changes in the activities of the residents such as hospital visits, having tea or lunch outside with the family or a physiotherapy schedule. Then they allot about 30 minutes for every resident to do the cares so that by lunchtime, residents are well dressed and ready for their meal. Another objective at Kerridge is to prevent the residents from falling during the working shift. This is prevented by having restraints put on the residents and routinely checking on the residents to maintain the level of safety in the facility. Event Identification Identified Risks at Kerridge Rest Home are grouped into categories: Health risks includes infection, the risks for residents injury related to fall, the risk for bed sores for hospital level care residents, the risk of skin rashes due to incontinent pads. Another category of risks is that of infrastructure which includes, fire and lightning, slips or fall due to slippery flooring, risk for dehydration due to centralized heating system. Belonging to the Staff Risks, we have risk for understaff in cases when they are on sick leave, the risk for miscommunication considering that the care giving team are composed of different nationalities. IT category would include the risk to privacy related to hacking making private information about residents available to the hacker, the risk of data being deleted due to system breakdown. The record for the employees working hours may also not be accurate when the biometric system is not working. Risk Assessment As stated above, a month or so ago Kerridge Rest home has welcomes its doors to hospital level care residents and so this has given rise to the probability of 50% for the existing rest home residents to feel neglected by the care givers. In every rest home, especially with hospital level care residents there is a high risk with a probability of 80% of the care givers to have back injury considering the degree of physical involvement they have in the care of their residents just like lifting the residents. In most cases, hospital level care residents are physically incapable to stand on their own making it a need for care givers to make use of a mechanical lifting device or the hoist. When employees have a back injury and would not be fit to do the residents care, this would mean that they should file for a sick leave thus this would result to insufficient number of staff for a shift. The Selwyn management would then have to search for n available healthcare assistant to fill in the shift from other bureaus, requiring more time and money for the management. This would at the same time have an impact on the care rendered to the residents for a permanent employee is more knowledgeable about the residents than those working for the bureau. At kerridge, the residents are mostly in their 80s and 90s with a few over 100 years old so they are more susceptible to fall, with a probability of 80-90%. When such incidents happen this would mean more job for the nurses because they would have to fill out forms and incident reports in order make this incident made known to the management. At Kerridge rest home or any rest home for that matter, residents have a 50-70% probability of feeling lonely considering that they are away from their family and even their homes and also might feel a sense of helplessness because of their mobility limitations and frail health. Response Plan As a response to the feelings of loneliness of the new residents, the management made it a point that they be given the same routine of care as that of their previous home. In this manner, the residents may not feel alienated. They were also encouraged to join the activities of the other rest home residents and family members are encouraged to visit the residents. Pertaining to the risk of the residents feeling neglected, the management increased the number of staff. In this way there is enough number of staff to care for the residents and the ratio of care giver to staff is maintained therefore care givers still have ample to do their cares efficiently and maintaining the standards of care. Mechanical lifts (hoists) were also made use in the facility in caring for hospital level care residents in order to lessen the physical strain on the care givers when rendering care as well as the use of the sliding sheets. Control Activities Since there is a high risk for care givers to have back injury with the nature of their job like positioning the resident in bed, transferring and lifting the resident from and to the bed or wheelchair, the facility has made use of equipment or materials that would help in reducing the risk of back injury. The use of sliding sheet makes it easier for the caregiver to move the patient in bed thus lessening the physical strain on the care giver. The benefit of using the hoist does the same, less strain on the caregiver. As of the risk of fall for rest home residents, this is controlled through the use of walker at all times, as well as the installation of hand rails throughout the corridors and toilets. The use of restraints also prevents the residents from falling from their wheelchairs or chairs. Bed rails are also put up the whole night to prevent falls at night. The risk for miscommunication among staff and residents can also be reduced by setting a rule for everyone to spe ak English at all times. The accents may differ but at least when we use the same language in the entire facility then residents and staff may reach a certain level of understanding especially when communication is the issue. Another way to lessen miscommunication is with the use of the memo board, in here the residents may have their preferences written Monitoring At Kerridge the management and staff have a monthly meeting in order for everyone to have a view of how things are doing at the Rest Home. The residents also have a regular check-up schedule done by a doctor, in this way, their overall health may be monitored. Like for example, doctors will assess if the residents are still responsive to their maintenance medication, if it is not the case, then they can prescribe another type of medication with continuous monitoring. This may also help the management and the care givers to monitor the progress of the residentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ health, whether there health maintenance, deterioration or progress, During scheduled staff meeting, everyone is given the opportunity to air out their concerns regarding the facility, the staff as well as the residents or even the nature of their job. This is a way to monitor how the care givers are coping up with the demands of their work. In order to render efficient and quality care, designated sta ff also make an inventory of the available supplies in the facility, this way they have an updated idea of what important things are needed like pads, skin cream, milk, sugar, juice, etc. The items are necessary and needed in the facility and the staff make it sure that there if enough of it for the residents to use. Information and Communication When there was the plan to bring in Hospital level care residents into Kerridge Rest home, the management made the information known to the staff through staff meeting, during such time, the employees were given an overview of the changes that would take place once the new residents would arrive. They were also given the time to air out their concerns so that the management can address it. After the right information has been disseminated to the staff, the management then prepared a memo or letter that was distributed to every resident. The letter consisted of information regarding the event that would happen, the time when new residents will be coming in, as well as the number of residents joining the facility. Group Work Assessment: Business risk Buying an existing pharmacy and renaming it might be both a risk and a benefit for the business. It might be true that buying a pre-existing pharmacy may be beneficial for the business, the reason behind this might be that exist ing clients already know the location of the pharmacy and they may continue to get their prescriptions from the same place but regardless if the business has been renamed. But on the other hand renaming it might be a risk, pre-existing customers might continue to patronize the pharmacy even with a new name if they have had good experiences with the previous management or they might not want to continue buying from the pharmacy with its new name having the notion that they might not be given the same treatment or experience with the previous management. Open 24 hours may be risk that there might not be any sales during late hours of the day considering that most of the people are already in their homes and would not be out late. Another thing to consider is the risk for robbery, when it is late at night there are a few if not no one around the area thus making it possible for a robbery to happen thus, putting the business at risk as well as the lives of the employees. Spending $50,000 for full re-image for a more international feel is another risk. Giving the business this kind of feel may welcome tourists, which is one of the prospect groups of customer but where international customers are comfortable on the other hand this might be the same reason preventing the city apartment tenants and commuters to visit the pharmacy thinking that the pharmacy is selling only imported goods. Insurance risk Since most of the products being sold in the pharmacy are mostly related to health then the business should have a liability insurance, this would give protection to the business should any employee or products cause or is alleged to have cause bodily injury or property damage to a third party. A Workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Compensation Insurance (ACC) covers the expenses of the employees should they be injured at work. This will also provide wage replacement and medical benefits to the injured employee. This type of insurance also protects the employer if sued by the injured employee should they claim that you did not provide a safe working place. Fire Insurance is the policy that covers all or part of the losses that was the result of fire or lightning. As a security for the establishment, there should be proper fire exit and extinguisher available. Since the pharmacy is at high risk for robbery, burglary or theft then they should have a crime insurance which would cover all the losses from these incidents. For the pharmacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s security then it would be beneficial for the establishment to install Closed-circuit television (CCTV). Since a pharmacy business deals with medications so it is must that we also put into consideration human errors such as dispensing the wrong medication or mistakenly labelling the medication, there might also be instances that customers might ask for any side effects of a certain drug and the staff may not be expected to know all the possible side effects. This policy protects the ph armacy from lawsuits resulting to human error. Since the business is owned by 3 shareholders, the Business Life Insurance will protect the business should there be any death among the shareholders. The policy will provide the other partners to with the needed fund in order to buy the deceasedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share of the business, preventing them from taking out loans or selling the share of the deceased to unacceptable partner. Compliance risk There are a set of regulations that should be put into consideration in order to have the necessary approval from the designated council in order to put up a business. In this case, a pharmacy business is what is being considered. Since the business is for directed to tourist and city dwellers clientele, there is the must that all the products and items that they have in the shop should comply with the standards set by Medsafe, the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority, in order to ensure that their product s are reasonable safe. The building structure should also comply with the Building Act (2004) which is administered by Department of Building and Housing (DBH), if the business is in a multiple level or storey building then the building should be durable enough, with its building materials not a fire hazard and with proper fire exit. The business must also comply with the health and safety in employment act of 1992, providing the employees are healthy and safe working environment. This applies to every employee of the pharmacy, permanent or temporary, casual, part-time or full-time. How they arrange or display their products would also be of consideration, there should be enough pathway in events for fire. A good fire alarm system should also be considered. Fire exits should be visible and accessible as well. Another issue that is to be considered in the business is the wage or salary for the employees. Thought the business has started with high expenses put into renovation , they should comply with the minimum wage act of New Zealand. Employees must be given the due wage that they deserve, starting the wage at minimum rate for an adult which is $14.25 per hour Bibliography: Dennis H. Tootelian, Albert I. Wertheimer, Andrey Mikhailitchenko. Essentials of Pharmacy Management. Pharmaceutical Press, 2012. Iverson, David. Strategic Risk Management. A Practical Guide to Portfolio Risk Management. John Wiley Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd., 2013.

Music And Political Conflict Between Hong Kong And China

The Sociology of music has become a hot-button field of study in worldwide in recent years. The purpose of this research essay is to explore the connections between music and political conflict between Hong Kong and China. Through understanding the current conflict circumstance arose in Hong Kong and China, I intend to demonstrate the penetrating power of music, as a social transmitter of messages, within the society. Besides, it is also important to understand the perspective of different actors within the whole process of making political songs, such as the songwriters’ thinking and intention. In doing so, this essay examines how the social aspects of musical behaviour and the role of music in society. To provide some background†¦show more content†¦Therefore, it is a worthy qualitative sociological study because this research aim to give the audience a closer look of the following three aspects: What factors have strategically inspired song writers in making music in relates to a particular social phenomenon?, Does the rise of political songwriters target a certain class of people?, and Why some music with strong emphasis on historical and political contexts are banded in China? Literature Review (based on 3 peer-reviewed scholarly sources): The common assumption throughout the selected sources was to describe the intensification of the conflict between Hong Kong And Public Republic Of China through contextual data. (Baehr 2001; Wai-Chung Ho, 2000; Wai Chung 2006) In the first place, it is important to have knowledge of the origin of the political conflict between Hong Kong and Public Republic of China before examining its relation to the hot flash of local politic song. Baehr (2001) depicts â€Å"The retrocession of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997† was marked a major consequences for both domestic and Chinese politics. The focal point is that â€Å"One country, two systems† has become the constitutional principle to Hong Kong, and remain unchanged for 50 years. Not surprisingly, social problems arise due to the hardship in assuring everyone to share a common value within the society, which is the matter of â€Å"identity†. To further examine this idea, Baehr highlights that

Training Development a Tool of Retaining Employees Free Essays

string(97) " the size of the organization, communication is central to building and maintaining credibility\." Training Development: A tool of Retaining Employees â€Å"Abstract† NITIN GUPTA (ASST. PROF. IIMT HOTEL MANAGEMENT COLLEGE) The objective of this study is to show that training development is required for an organization to retain its employees, as Training is activity leading to skilled behavior and it realize the employees that what they want in life knowing how to reach it, where they want to go and how to get there, how high they want to rise and how to take off in the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Development: a Tool of Retaining Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people in your organization are your most important resource. It is not only essential to hire the very best employees but the important is that a company retains those employees. Training and re-skilling inspire loyalty. Training is seen as expensive and a way of making their employees attractive to others. The risks involved, when weighed against the benefits, often mean that retraining is overlooked in favor of recruiting externally. However, the recruitment costs of staff time before and after the hire and direct expenses compare favorably against staff development costs. Training employees reinforces their sense of value. Through training, employers help employees achieve goals and ensure they have a solid understanding of their job requirements. A mixed approach of valuing staff by developing skills, providing interesting/motivating work while recognizing their individual contribution, along side benefits and perks, will mean that you are an employer that employees don’t want to leave. TOPIC Training Development: A tool of Retaining Employees INTRODUCTION The people in any organization are most important resource. It is not only essential to hire the very best employees but the important is that a company retains those employees. Training and re-skilling inspire loyalty. Training is seen as expensive and a way of making their employees attractive to others. The risks involved, when weighed against the benefits, often mean that retraining is overlooked in favor of recruiting externally. However, the recruitment costs of staff time before and after the hire and direct expenses compare favorably against staff development costs. Employees leave organizations for many reasons; oftentimes these reasons are unknown to their employers. Employers need to listen to employees’ needs and implement retention strategies to make employees feel valued and engaged in order to keep them. These retention methods can have a significant and positive impact on an organization’s turnover rate. According to strategic planning consultant Leigh Branham, SPHR, 88% of employees leave their jobs for reasons other than pay: However, 70% of managers think employees leave mainly for pay-related reasons. Branham says there are seven main reasons why employees leave a company: 1. Employees feel the job or workplace is not what they expected. 2. There is a mismatch between the job and person. 3. There is too little coaching and feedback. 4. There are too few growth and advancement opportunities. 5. Employees feel devalued and unrecognized. 6. Employees feel stress from overwork and have a work/life imbalance. 7. There is a loss of trust and confidence in senior leaders. WHY RETAINING EMPLOYEES IS IMPORTANT? Turnover is costly. According to Right Management, a talent and career management consulting firm, it costs nearly three times an employee’s salary to replace someone, which includes recruitment, severance, lost productivity, and lost opportunities. Life Work Solutions, a provider of staff retention and consulting services, provides the following turnover facts and rates: †¢ Over 50 % of people recruited in to an organization will leave within 2 years. †¢ One in four of new hires will leave within 6 months. †¢ Nearly 70% of organizations report that staff turnover has a negative financial impact due to the cost of recruiting, hiring, and training a replacement employee and the overtime work of current employees that’s required until the organization can fill the vacant position. Nearly 70 % of organizations report having difficulties in replacing staff. †¢ Approximately 50% of organizations experience regular problems with employee retention. From these statistics it’s clear that it’s important to develop a retention plan to retain employees and keep turnover low. If an employee resigns, then good amount of time is lost in hiring a new employee and then training him/her and this goes to t he loss of the company directly which many a times goes unnoticed. And even after this no one can assure the same efficiency from the new employee (He might be better and might not be). It requires time to judge his capabilities and work nature. And above all these things, one resignation many a times triggers a chain reaction among other employees, leading to a negative effect. RETENTION METHODS Here are some effective methods employers utilize in order to keep employees happy and part of their organization instead of looking for employment opportunities elsewhere. Training: Training employees reinforces their sense of value. Through training, employers help employees achieve goals and ensure they have a solid understanding of their job requirements. It’s important for companies to give coaching to employees so that their efforts stay aligned with the goals of the company and meet expectations. During an employee’s first few weeks on the job, an employer should provide intensive feedback. Employers should also provide formal and informal feedback to employees throughout the year. Mentoring. A mentoring program integrated with a goal-oriented feedback system provides a structured mechanism for developing strong relationships within an organization and is a solid foundation for employee retention and growth. With a mentoring program, an organization pairs someone more experienced in a discipline with someone less experienced in a similar area, with the goal to develop specific competencies, provide performance feedback, and design an individualized career development plan. Instill a positive culture. A company should establish a series of values as the basis for culture such as honesty, excellence, attitude, respect, and teamwork (IOMA, 2008). A company that creates the right culture will have an advantage when it comes to attracting and keeping good employees (Main). Use communication to build credibility. No matter what the size of the organization, communication is central to building and maintaining credibility. You read "Training Development: a Tool of Retaining Employees" in category "Papers" Many employers get communication to â€Å"flow up† through a staff advisory council (or similar group) which solicits and/or receives employees’ opinions and suggestions and passes them on to upper management (IOMA). It’s also important for employees to know that the employer is really listening and responds to (or otherwise acknowledges) employee input. Show appreciation via compensation and benefits. Offering things like competitive salaries, profit sharing, bonus programs, pension and health plans, paid time off, and tuition reimbursement sends a powerful message to employees about their importance at the organization. The rewards given to employees must be meaningful in order to impact their perception of the organization and therefore have a marked influence on its retention efforts. Moreover, if an organization promises a reward, it should keep that promise. Encourage referrals and recruit from within. Having current employees offer referrals could help minimize confusion of job expectations. Current employees can realistically describe a position and the environment to the individual he/she is referring. Another way an employer can lessen the impact of turnover is to hire from within, since current employees have already discovered that they are a good fit in the organization. Provide growth opportunities. An organization should provide workshops, software, or other tools to help employees increase their understanding of themselves and what they want from their careers and enhance their goal-setting efforts. It’s important to provide employees with adequate job challenges that will expand their knowledge in their field. According to Right Management, employees are more likely to stay engaged in their jobs and committed to an organization that makes investments in them and their career development. Make employees feel valued. Employees will go the extra mile if they feel responsible for the results of their work, have a sense of worth in their jobs, believe their jobs make good use of their skills, and receive recognition for their contributions. Employees should be rewarded at a high level to motivate even higher performance. The use of cash payouts could be used for on-the-spot recognition. These rewards have terrific motivational power, especially when given as soon as possible after the achievement. It’s important for employers to say â€Å"thank you† to employees for their efforts and find different ways to recognize them. Even something as simple as a free lunch can go a long way towards making employees feel valued. Listen to employees and ask for their input as to what rewards might work best at your organization. Conduct meetings and surveys to enable employees to share their input (Branham). Most team members will work harder to carry out a decision that they’ve helped to influence. Lower stress from overworking and create work/life balance. It’s important to match work/life benefits to the needs of employees. This could be in the form of offering nontraditional work schedules (such as a compressed work week, telecommuting, and flextime) or extra holidays. When work-life balance is structured properly, both the employee and employer come out ahead. For example, the employer will experience more productivity in the workplace because employees will be less stressed, healthier, and thus, more productive (Wingfield). Encouraging employees to set work/life goals, such as spending more time with their children, communicates that you really do want them to have a life outside of work and achieve a healthy work/life balance. Foster trust and confidence in senior leaders. Develop strong relationships with employees from the start to build trust. Employees have to believe that upper management is competent and that the organization will be successful. An employer has to be able to inspire this confidence and make decisions that reinforce it. An employer cannot say one thing and do another. For example, an employer shouldn’t talk about quality and then push employees to do more work in less time. In addition, employers need to engage and inspire employees by enacting policies that show they trust them, such as getting rid of authoritarian style of management. HOW TRAINING WORKS IN RETAINING EMPLOYEES? Once skilled workers are nestled within any organizations there is a second challenge in keeping them there – and here training and education can play a crucial role. Retaining good employees is critically important to a company’s bottom line. Many companies that fail to place adequate emphasis on training make the mistake of assuming that pay is the only important motivating factor for their staff. In 1999 the Hay Group studied over 500,000 people in 300 companies to find out what promoted employee loyalty. The top three factors, mentioned by ninety percent of respondents, were; â€Å"career growth, learning and development†; â€Å"exciting work and challenge† and â€Å"meaningful work, making a difference and a contribution†. Fair pay and benefits was tenth on the list. After studying the above, following results are concluded as the output of training development of employees: †¢ Optimum Utilization of Human Resources – Training and Development helps in optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employee to achieve the organizational goals as well as their individual goals. †¢ Development of Human Resources – Training and Development helps to provide an opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources’ technical and behavioral skills in an organization. It also helps the employees in attaining personal growth. Development of skills of employees – Training and Development helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an overall personality of the employees. †¢ Productivity – Training and Development helps in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the o rganization further to achieve its long-term goal. †¢ Team spirit – Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within the employees. Organization Culture – Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization. †¢ Organization Climate – Training and Development helps building the positive perception and feeling about the organization. The employees get these feelings from leaders, subordinates, and peers. †¢ Quality – Training and Development helps in improving upon the quality of work and work-life. †¢ Healthy work environment – Training and Development helps in creating the healthy working environment. It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual goals aligns with organizational goal. †¢ Health and Safety – Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety of the organization thus preventing obsolescence. †¢ Morale – Training and Development helps in improving the morale of the work force. †¢ Image – Training and Development helps in creating a better corporate image. †¢ Profitability – Training and Development leads to improved profitability and more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. †¢ Training and Development aids in organizational development i. . Organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving. It helps in understanding and carrying out organizational policies †¢ Training and Development helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display. CONCLUSION Itâ⠂¬â„¢s clear that having proper retention strategies is key in order to retain employees. Productivity is maximized when employees enjoy their work. Offering opportunities to explore different options within the organization is one way of motivating the workforce. A company that is tuned into meeting employee needs should encourage movement across processes and functions. An environment that motivates and stimulates employees, managers need to incorporate motivation-building practices into their corporate culture. These practices include listening to employees and respecting their opinions, basing rewards on performance, and trained them to develop their skills being available to them for everything from listening to their ideas and concerns to assisting them with their career advancement. Rotation of functions provides a forum for constant learning and self-improvement. When employees are given a chance to grow in various functions, a positive work environment is created. Thus, employee morale and productivity are maintained at a very high level. References/ Bibliography †¢ Crosscut magazine, spring 2002 (article by Iain Macdonald, Associate Director, Centre for Advanced Wood Processing) †¢ Harvard Business Essentials: Guide to Hiring and Keeping the Best People, Harvard Business Press by Sarah K. Yazinski, University of Scranton †¢ Training as important as salaries in staff loyalty By Gareth Morgan, IT Week Tuesday, July 31, 2001 02:59 PM Handle with care: motivating and retaining your employees   By Barbara A. Glanz Recruiting, training, and retaining new employees: managing the transition †¦ By Jack J. Phillips, Sharon L. Oswald Retaining your best employees: nine case studies from the real world of training  By Patricia Pulliam Phillips Web Page: http://writer4u. com Submitted By Leslie Wood How to cite Training Development: a Tool of Retaining Employees, Papers