Why Are Religious Individuals More Obsessional - 1373 Words

Abstract: The article, Why Are Religious Individuals More Obsessional? The Role of Mental Control Beliefs and Guilt in Muslims and Christians, presents the data results from a study comparing Canadian Christian and Turkish Muslim students’ measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs, guilt, religiosity, and negative affect. It is a unique study, as there have been few studies directly exploring this topic and even fewer using a non-Western Muslim sample. Thesis Cognitive-behavioral theory recognizes that obsessions are linked to particular cultural experiences, such as following strict religious beliefs about controlling one’s intrusive thoughts. Firstly, the authors hypothesized that the higher the religiosity in a student, the†¦show more content†¦Seventy-six percent of them reported their religious affiliation as Christian. The Turkish sample was composed of 243 male and 177 female students with a mean age of 21.73 years who were lifetime citizens of Turkey. Seventy-seven percent of them reported that they were Muslim. Ninety-three point seven percent of the sampled individuals identified their ethnicity as Turkish, while six point three percent identified as Kurdish. Both screening samples were given the same battery of questionnaires. These included a demographic sheet assessing age, sex, relationship status, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and five Likert ratings on religious beliefs and behavior. Likert ratings determine religious beliefs and behaviors by assessing the frequency of worship attendance, prayer, religious text reading (Bible, Koran), volunteerism, giving money, as well as the importance religion plays in guiding the decisions and behaviors, i.e. 1 = not at all important, to 5 = extremely important). The final rating determined the high and low religious groups. â€Å"Low religious† group participants identified that religion did not bear influence on their decisions and behaviors (1). â€Å"High religious† group participants indicated that religion was either very important (4) or extremely important (5) in guiding their decisions and behavior. All of the students gave

Incarceration Of The United States - 1774 Words

Currently the United States holds the leading position for having the largest prison population in the world. Considering this, the cost of re-incarcerating offenders after their release remains notably high to U.S Americans and our society. Recidivism is known as the reimprisonment of an individual that is released from prison but then later returns for being convicted of a new crime. However, there is essential data that proves the drastic reduction in recidivism through academic and vocational studies. Each year, it cost twice as much to provide a room and food for inmates than it would just to educate these prisoners. As many people know, there is no right to education in the constitution. In despite of this, there are many institutions in the United States that promote and encourage schooling and other educational programs. Since a constitutional right does not exist, it is considered a privilege to gain basic educational training or even higher learning. When considering education a privilege, the adequacy of and attainability to educational programs for many depleted Americans remains scanty. In result, prison education becomes a matter left in the hands of prison administrators. The availability of and the accessibility to educational and vocational programs in prison have been challenged by inmates- or representatives- in copious suits based on constitutional grounds. In addition, there have also been challenges that concern the shortage of these programs.Show MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin recent decades, violent crimes in the United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some form of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the United States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more than 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, HillaryRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever questioned about the justice in the Unite d States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisoners toRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States Essay2335 Words   |  10 PagesEven though the United States makes up just 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of the world’s prison population† (Walmsley, 2009). The United States prides itself in being a worldwide leader in just about every category; however, being the world leader in incarceration rights might not be something the United States would be proud about. Incarceration rates in the United States have grown at alarming rates in the past fort y years specifically and it has resulted in major overcrowding issuesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States979 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever question about the justice in the United States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). Is United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million of prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisonersRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1113 Words   |  5 Pages The United States of America has more people incarcerated than any other country on earth, a whopping 2,220,300 adults are currently locked behind bars. We have 500,000 more citizens locked up than China, a country 5 times our population run by an authoritarian g overnment. From 1990 - 2000 the prison population increased by 1,000,000. The main reason for incarceration as a punishment in this country is rehabilitation, or so we have been told. In recent years an industry has developed that revolvesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words   |  5 PagesOverview The United States has the highest prison population in the world, with over two million incarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifestyle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offendingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1957 Words   |  8 Pages Incarceration has been a pending issue amongst western civilization’s history for some time and today continues to raise a wide range of important questions. Incarceration of individuals have become a tremendous tax payer concern along with the incarceration of the drug war, convictions of street gangs, and the rest of the individuals who have broken the law and harmed other innocent individuals. However, the question is always a concern of men incarceration and hardly addressed of women beingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 PagesThe United States of America is phrased by many, as being â€Å"the land of the free.† Yet, the Unites States currently has the highest per capita prison population than any other country. The United States makes up only 5% of the world’s population and of that 5%, 25% of our overall nation’s population is currently incarcerated. A few factors that attribute to our high rates of incarceration incl ude, sentencing laws: such as mandatory- minimum sentencing, lack of initial deterrence from crime, the warRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States2529 Words   |  11 PagesSince 2002, The United States has had the highest incarceration rate in the world, and many of those imprisoned within the U.S. will be released and rearrested within three years (Langan Levin, 2002). Unfortunately, research has been mixed shown that the time spent in prison does not successfully rehabilitate most inmates, and the majority of criminals return to a life of crime almost immediately. Most experts believe that many prisoners will learn more and better ways to commit crimes while theyRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesThere are over two million people in the United States behind bars. Incarceration in the US is one of the main forms of punishment that leads nothing after for people when getting out. Every state, city, country, all have laws we citizens obey and go by to do best for our country, but what happens someone violates the law? According to Google’s definition of a felony, it says that felony means, â€Å"a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable

Natural Science Essay Example For Students

Natural Science Essay Ever since the first dinosaur fossil was unearthed by Robert Plot in 1676, dinosaur fever has infected almost everyone. Dinosaurs captivate us not only because of the enormous size that some of them attained, but because of their extraordinary diversity. Encompassing such astonishing creatures as the fearsome Tyrannosaurus rex, the majestic Triceratops and the cunning raptors, dinosaurs are truly fascinating. From such fascination many questions arise. How were the dinosaurs able to survive for such a long period of time? Why did they become so large? Just what was their everyday existence like?These questions have puzzled scientists for years. But by looking at fossils, paleontologists have been able to learn much about the dinosaurs. They can infer the appearance of these creatures in life-like detail as they existed millions of years ago. They can investigate their diet. And they can find out about the way dinosaurs interacted both among themselves and with their environment. Despite the frequent media attention given to discoveries of dinosaur bones, especially skulls, the truth is that such fossils are rare, much rarer than fossils of most plants and invertebrate animals. Thus, although bones are of great interest, if we had no other evidence, we would have a much less accurate picture of the dinosaurs than we in fact possess. How, then, has it been possible to learn so much about these terrible lizards when we have so few bones to study? The answer lies in trace fossils. As the name implies, a trace fossil is a trace of an ancient organism such as a footprints, a tooth or bite mark, or a coprolite. Footprints and tooth marks, yes, but coprolites? As any paleontologist will tell you, a coprolite is a piece of fossilized dung. Why would anyone study fossilized dung? Well, if you really want to know, you would do well to ask Karen Chin, visiting scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, who is the worlds foremost expert on dinosaur dung. Chin is considered a rising star of paleontology. At Montana State, she studied under the prominent and controversial John Horner. Now she is hitting the lecture circuit, explaining to enthused audiences around the nation the importance of dino dung. From the University of California, Santa Barbara, Ph.D. in hand, Chin took up the seemingly unusual notion of studying the fecal remains of Triceratops and other herbivorous dinosaurs. Soon, however, she was diverted by a project beyond her chosen area of study. In 1995, Wendy Sloboda and Tim Tokaryk were hunting fossils near the town of Eastend, Saskatchewan on behalf of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum. There they discovered a mass 42 cm long, 12 cm high, and 15 cm wide close to the Tyrannosaurus skeleton now known as Scotty. At the time, Sloboda and Tokaryk did not consider the mass to be of any particular importance, but thinking that it might be of some interest, sent it to Chin for examination. In her lab, Chin gingerly observed the lump for weeks. She broke the specimen into pieces and studied thin cross sections under the microscope. The lab work was challenging, she admitted, although as she put it, everything came out alright in the end.Indeed, everything did come out alright. Chin identified the mass as a coprolite, a very large one indeed. But, that was the easy part. Now she had to identify the creature responsible: the species feces question, as she put it. To answer this question, Chin did a great deal of hard paleontological labor. More sections were examined, and other experts were called in, among them former classmate from Montana State, Gregory Erickson, currently a post-doc at Standford University. .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .postImageUrl , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:hover , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:visited , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:active { border:0!important; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:active , .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46 .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u419e447d4cee31cbd34b73fa23ecfe46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Case Study: Ocean Carriers EssayErickson is yet another rising paleontological star. In one article, he described the horrifying bite force of the Tyrannosaurus rex. In the research for this paper, he constructed a mechanical representation of the jaws of a rex and applied it to the pelvic bone of a cow. By noting the force applied by the robotic jaw and comparing the damage caused with that tooth marks on fossilized bones of Triceratops, he was able to estimate the bite force of the living beast. But why would Chin ask for assistance from Erickson, a specialist in fossilized bones? Because, in her study of the coprolite, Chin located many minute masses that she thought might be bones. With Ericksons help, she was able to confirm this and identify some of them as the bones of a juvenile Triceratops and a juvenile Edmontosaurus. Bones mean carnivore, so Chin narrowed the list of candidates species to the five carnivores previously discovered in the rock formation from which the coprolite was unearthed. Just who were the suspects of this foul deed? The cunning and birdlike Troodon and Dromaeosaurids were two possibilities, ad then there were the crocodile, Leidyosuchus, Tyrannosaurus rex and the Elimisaurids. The coprolite was very large: the largest from a carnivore ever excavated, according to Chin. But of the candidate species, only Tyrannosaurus rex weighed more than 100 kg. Thus it was no contest. Only Tyrannosaurus was available to take the unwanted crown. Actually, Chin cannot be absolutely positive about the identification, but as Erickson put it, it was either a Tyrannosaurus or a large, unknown animal.The story garnered much attention from the media. But, notwithstanding the scatological humor it prompted, it represents a major paleontological development. Weve always guessed that Tyrannosaurus rex and their cohorts must have been able to crush the bones of the animals they fed on, but now we have the first hard evidence that they actually did, Chin told reporters following publication of her study in the journal Nature (1). Beside helping to identify the bone fragments, Erickson applied his knowledge of the structure and power of the animals jaw, to explain how Tyrannosaurus rex smashed the bones of its prey. As he put it, The beasts teeth were not equipped to chew bones, but their enormous bite force left jumbled masses of bone ranging in size from crumbles to large chunks in their dung.He then went onto say that, T. rex couldnt chew as people do because its upper and lower teeth didnt meet each other. But, those powerful teeth might have still pulverized bone as they sheared past each other.It is hard to believe that only twenty-five years ago many scientists saw dinosaurs as dumb, slow animals just waiting to become extinct. Now, because of the work of Chin and Erickson, among others, paleontological thinking has greatly changed. As a result, we have a much clearer understanding of how the dinosaurs lived and how they were able to dominate the earth for so long. In the end, perhaps, it is not what you do in life that matters, but what you leave Words/ Pages : 1,109 / 24